GTF Training Uniform

GLOBAL TAEKWON-DO FEDERATION Color Belt and Black Belt Uniform

Benefits For Children:

Children can start classes as early as 4 or 5 years old. In terms of physical fitness, coordination is developed as TaeKwonDo helps strenghten both sides of the body as the child learns to kick with both legs and block/punch with both arms. Class workouts start with warm-up runs around the dojang and stretching, followed by physical training to improve techniques. Concentration and focus is improved by studying TaeKwonDo forms, defined sets of body movements.

Many parents worry that their children may become more aggressive if they study a martial art. Our parents have found the opposite result.

Self-defense is another excellent reason for children to learn TaeKwonDo. There are many girls at our school, and in addition to getting good exercise, they are learning techniques that can help keep them safe, which of course applies to the boys as well.

Promotion through the belt levels gives each student a sense of accomplishment. As they achieve new goals, they learn that perseverance and dedication pays off. And as students progress in belt levels, they are given the opportunity to lead the class in warm-up exercises and stretching. Ultimately, they can become assistant instructors for forms and training, another way in which TaeKwonDo helps to increase confidence, self-assurance, and leadership.

孩子可以开始上课，早在4或5岁。无论在体能，协调是发展成为跆拳道，有助于加强双方的身体，因为孩子学习发动，与两条腿和座/冲头与双臂。一流的锻炼开始暖机运行围绕dojang和伸展，其次是体能训练，以改善技术。集中和突出重点，是提高学习跆拳道的形式，确定了两套身体动作。

许多家长担心自己的孩子可能会更为积极，如果他们学习武术。我们的父母已经找到了相反的结果。

自我防卫是另一个优秀的理由，让儿童学习跆拳道。有许多女孩在我们学校，除了获得良好的演练中，他们正在学习技术，可以帮助保持它们的安全，当然也适用于男孩。

促进通过皮带各级每位学生a成就感。因为他们实现新的奋斗目标，他们知道，毅力和奉献精神不负有心人。并作为学生进步皮带水平，他们都有机会带领工人阶级在热身运动和伸展。最后，他们还是可以成为助理教员，为形式而形式的培训，另一种方式，其中跆拳道有助于增强信心，自我肯定，和领导制度。

Taekwon-Do for Everyone

Overall Benefits:

TaeKwonDo is an excellent workout. In every class, you will punch with both arms, kick with both feet, and bounce on your toes as you practice sparring moves. The positive effect on your physical health will be seen right away.

After practicing TaeKwonDo for just a few weeks, many people feel calmer and better able to handle matters in their lives with greater clarity and focus.

Students of all ages will experience:

Improved muscle tone and appearance
Increased strength and stamina
Improved confidence
Improved flexibility
Improved agility and reflexes
Improved concentration and self-esteem
Improved leadership skills
Greater discipline
The ability to achieve goals
Respect for other class members
Reduced stress

整体效益：

跆拳道是一个极好的锻炼。在每一个阶层，你会冲头与双臂，踢与双脚，并弹跳对你的脚趾，因为你修炼恶语相加的举动。正面的影响你的身体健康将看到的时候了。

经过实践，为跆拳道在短短数星期内，很多人都觉得更冷静，并能更好地处理事宜，在他们的生活更加明确和集中。

学生各年龄段会经历：

改善肌肉张力及外观
增加了实力和发展后劲
改善信心
改善灵活性
提高了敏捷性和反射
改进浓度和自尊
改进领导技巧
更严格的纪律
有能力实现目标

Student Commitment

Student Commitment:

I am developing myself in a positive manner and avoiding anything that will reduce my mental growth or physical health.

I am developing Self-Discipline in order to bring out the best in myself and others.

I will use common sense as a self-defense and NEVER be abusive or offensive.

I will show Courtesy, Modesty, Perseverance, Self-Control, Indomitable Spirit, and Respect for my Instructors, Family and others.

We are a school dedicated to mastering our Martial Arts, We are Motivated; We are Committed; and We are on a quest to be our Best.

学生承诺:

我感到，发展自己，以一种积极的态度，并避免任何会减少我的心理成长或身体健康。

我发展的自身规律，以带出最好的自己和他人。

我会利用常识作为一种自我防御，并没有辱骂或攻击。

我将显示礼貌，谦虚，毅力，自我控制，不屈不挠的精神，以及尊重我的导师，家人和他人。

我们是一个学校专用，以掌握我们的武术，我们的动机是，我们有决心，以及我们正处于一个追求成为我们最好的。

Our Goals:

Provide our Students the very best Martial Arts training
Ensure an effective, fun and safe learning environment
Help others reach their full God given potential for a successful life
Support the communities in which we live and work
Support the same family values you expect at home
Uphold the truth and original traditions of our martial arts fathers

我们的目标：

为我们的学生非常的最佳武术训练
确保有效的，有趣的和安全的学习环境
帮助他人，充分发挥其上帝赋予的潜力，一个成功的人生
支持我们所在的社区生活和工作
支持同一个家庭价值观，你期望在家里
坚持真理，原来传统的我国武术父亲

New Class Opening Soon in Bandar Sri Permainsuri, Bayu Tasik Condo 2

Our Training Centre will be at the following:

Children & Adult Class (10AM-12.00PM)
Bayu Tasik Condo 2 (Corridoor next to Game Room)
Bandar Sri Permaisuri,
56000 Kuala Lumpur

Adult Class (8PM-9.30PM)
Bayu Tasik Condo 2 Game Room
Bandar Sri Permaisuri,
56000 Kuala Lumpur

Senior Belt Grading Test Photo

Thung and Steven



Jowee, Steven,and Voon Loong



Master Alex Lee and Thung



Thung, Master Ng Hooi Lai,and Steven



Master Lee Hok Heng and Steven



Masters and Team from Persatuan Taekwon-Do Negeri Selangor (GTF)



GTF Masters and Instructors



The Selangor (GTF) Team members

GTF Instructor Seminar 2007 Photo

Master Chris Gantner, Master Lee Hok Heng, Steven and his members



The GTF Masters and the senior Instructor



Steven, Master Alex Lee, and Thung



Steven, Mater Ng Hooi Lai, and Thung



Steven, and Master Chris Gantner



Master Lee Hok Heng and the team members



Master Lee Hok Heng and Steven



Thung and Steven



Steven and his team members

TRAINING SECRETS OF TAEKWON-DO

An old proverb says that even heaven cannot make a diligent worker poor. However, in Taekwon-Do, diligence or intensive training alone does not produce quality techniques. On the contrary, instructions from a false or unqualified instructor would be worse than not being taught at all because unscientific movements not only reduce the power but require a tremendous amount of time to correct. On the other hand, under the proper guidance of a competent instructor, a student who trains earnestly with dedication will learn the true techniques of Taekwon-Do in a comparatively short period of time with less effort.

Students should keep in mind the following secrets:

1) To study the theory of power thoroughly.

2) To understand the purpose and method of each movement clearly.

3) To bring the action of eyes, hands, feet and breath into one single coordinated action.

4) To choose the appropriate attacking tool for each vital spot.

5) To become familiar with the correct angle and distance for attack and defence.

6) Keep both the arms and legs bent slightly while movement is in motion.

7) All movements must begin with a backward motion with very few exceptions.
However, once the movement is in motion it should not be stopped before reaching the target.

8) To create a sine wave during the movement by utilizing the knee spring properly.

9. To exhale briefly at the moment of each blow excepting a connecting motion.

THE ADULT & TAEKWONDO

1. EXERCISE AND IMPROVE WELL-BEING

Taekwondo strengthens your body and improves your health through physical exercise and conditioning. Isometric and dynamic tension exercises will allow you to gain better muscle tone and more strength. A gradual building process of safe and easy stretching techniques will enhance flexibility, while breathing and concentration exercises lead to sharper reflexes and senses.
The discipline of Taekwondo leads to increase energy, better health and fitness, greater coordination, and higher self-esteem. These qualities are vital to a happier, longer life.

2. SELF-DEFENSE

The program helps you recognize and handle situations in which self-defense may be required. Using our completely integrated system, you can learn the techniques you need to defend yourself intelligently in threatening situations. What you learn could prevent you from becoming a victim. Enroll today and experience the advantages of learning Taekwon-Do

3. Take charge of your life

Bring out the positive qualities that have always been part of you! Develop patience, confidence, self-discipline, inner calm, and a consistently positive mental attitude.

Overcome fear, self-doubt, anger, jealousy, laziness, and bad habits. You can do it! It takes serious, dedicated training, and most of all, it takes the right program.
We offers a carefully planned program of exercise, visualization and instruction that is ideal for self-development, because it exercises all of you!

Along the way you train in Taekwon-Do, you will be able to visualize your goals as you practice effective self-defense techniques. This unique combination of physical and mental training creates breakthroughs in personal transformation!

4. Health & Fitness

Learn to recharge your body with exciting energy. Flush your system clean of Internal poisons that breed illness. Massage and stimulate your body. Create bodies that are sleek, firm, and graceful. Age is no barrier - start at any time of your life.

THE CHILD & TAEKWONDO

1. HOW YOUR CHILD CAN BENEFIT FROM TAEKWONDO?

Taekwondo is a total learning activity. Lessons are tailored to your child's age and skill level. Your child begins by practicing basic patterns and forms, board breaking, kicking, blocking, striking, and punching. These fundamental skills increase your child's physical coordination, flexibility, balance, and mental acumen.
Taekwondo develops your child's athletic abilities and self-awareness, and improves the child's capabilities in self-defense.

2. Classes for Children

We specialize in teaching children starting at age 4. Our intention is to make children feel good about themselves, and be in physical and mental control. Our teaching methods are sensitively tailored to meet the needs of individual learning differences. All children are taught at their own pace and are never pressured to perform beyond their capabilities

In some cases, our school may provide child therapy. For example, from the self-confidence gained learning how to defend themselves, a shy, withdrawn child may become more outgoing and confident, while an aggressive child will become calm and respectful of others. Parents are truly amazed at the positive difference in attitude child develops after the training. A child can walk proud with head held high. Each student learns to say "Yes I can' in life "

3. SELF-DISCIPLINE AND SELF ESTEEM FOR YOUR CHILD

Taekwondo emphasizes moral development as well. Children learn respect for themselves and others, heightened concentration, and increased self-discipline and self-restraint.

The self-discipline that develops as a result of learning and practicing the techniques usually carries over into other areas of the child's life. School grades often improve as your child learns to focus on objectives and to work toward achievement. The self-discipline and self-resect which Taekwondo develops can provide your child with the skills and mindset necessary to resist peer pressure.

4. Families and the Martial Arts

It is one of the most beautiful things in the world to watch parents and children training side by side. Parents glow at their children's accomplishments like the execution of a good side kick, or the breaking of their first board. The greater satisfaction, however, comes the bond of love, friendship, understanding and respect that develops between parent and child. Both parents and children share in each others hardships and accomplishments. Parents feel younger, healthier, and greatly fulfilled, and their children become more mature, confident, and well- behaved. Families in the Martial Arts are very fortunate indeed!

WHAT TAEKWONDO CAN DO

1. Enhance self-esteem by heightening your physical and mental powers.

2. Build confidence by encouraging you to succeed and to take control of your life.

3. Develop discipline by thoroughly training your body and mind in the tenets and techniques of Taekwondo.

4. Teach self-defense by training you to recognize situations in which physical self-defense may be necessary, and teaching you how to control such situations to your advantage.

5. Strengthen your mind and body through increased physical coordination and mental discipline.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF TAEKWON-DO

In recent years, there has been an upsurge in violence and a loss of morality in all levels of society, especially among the young. There are, of course a number of reasons for this.

Many psychologists today feel that this problem stems from frustration. Analysts, on the other hand, point out that these misguided people are indeed a disillusioned segment of society searching for values and relevance in what they consider deceitful, materialistic, and absurd world of wars and decadence.

Unfortunately, however, instead of constructively channeling their extraordinary energy and potential, far too many strike out in blind anger, destroying rather than building, or merely running away from it all by isolating themselves with drugs and their own worlds of fantasy. Presently, the tendency of "the stronger preying upon the weaker" appears to be at its peak. Frankly, the present world closely resembles a "corrupt age."

It is obvious that this phenomenon of society is not merely because of the struggle for survival, but mainly because of an overdeveloped material and scientific civilization. The former misleads the young to the extreme materialism or egoism, while the latter seized human beings with fear, though playing an essential role in public welfare.

Then what would be the remedy? Needless to say it is the development of moral civilization - the proper mental states of a human being as the lord of creation, enough to prevail or at least keep abreast with the development of material and scientific civilization.

The utmost purpose of Taekwon-Do is to eliminate fighting by discouraging the stronger's oppression of the weaker with a power that must be based on humanity, justice, morality, wisdom and faith, thus helping to build a better and more peaceful world.

All men, regardless of age, have felt that death is a shame, and lamented that they cannot live as long as the pine trees or the turtles that seem to live a thousand years. Righteous men, on the other hand, deplore the fact that justice does not always triumph over the tyranny of power. However, there are two ways to deal with these problems: The former, through mental discipline, the latter, through physical training. It is my firm belief that through Taekwon-Do, anyone can garner enough strength to become a guardian of justice, to challenge social disunity and, to cultivate the human spirit to the highest level attainable. It is in this spirit, I am dedicating the art of Taekwon-Do to the people of the world.

The philosophy of Taekwon-Do is based on the ethical, moral, and spiritual standards by which men can live together in harmony, and its art patterns are inspired by the ideals and exploits of great men from Korean history. Korea's famous military and civil leaders who in nearly five thousand years of Korean history have never invaded their neighbor yet who fought bravely and made great self-sacrifices to defend their homeland against invading enemies. I also include the names of patriots who willingly gave up their lives to regain Korea's freedom and independence from the Japanese occupation.

Each Tul (pattern) of Taekwon-Do expresses the thoughts and the actions of these great men, so the students of Taekwon-Do must reflect the true intentions of those whose name each Tul bears. Therefore, under no circumstances should Taekwon-Do be used for any commercial or political purpose whatsoever.

I have set forth the following philosophy and guidelines which will be the cornerstone of Taekwon-Do and by which all serious students of this art are encouraged to live.

1. Be willing to go where the going may be tough and do the things that are worth doing even though they are difficult.
2. Be gentle to the weak and tough to the strong.
3. Be content with what you have in money and position but never in skills.
4. Always finish what you begin, be it large or small.
5. Be a willing teacher to anyone regardless of religion, race or ideology.
6. Never yield to repression or threat in the pursuit of a noble cause.
7. Teach attitude and skill with action rather than words.
8. Always be yourself even though your circumstances may change.
9. Be the eternal teacher who teaches with the body when young, with words when old, and by moral precept even after death.

SYSTEM OF RANK

In Taekwon-Do, character development, fortitude, tenacity, and technique are graded as well as individual capacity. The promotional scale is divided into nineteen ranks - 10 grades (Gups) and nine degrees (Dans.) The former begins with 10th grade (Gup) the lowest and ends at first grade. Degrees begin with the first degree (Dan) and end with the ultimate, ninth degree.

There is, of course, certain significance in the numbering system. With degrees, the number 9 is not only the highest one among one digit numbers but also is the number of 3 multiplied by 3. In the Orient, three is the most esteemed of all the numbers. The Chinese character representing three is written: . The upper line symbolizes the heaven; the middle line, mortals; and the bottom line earth. It was believed that the individual who was successful in promoting his country, fellowmen and God, and able to reach an accord with all three would aspire to become King, which was written thusly: . The Chinese character for three and king are nearly synonymous.

When the number three is multiplied by itself, the equation is nine, the highest of the high; therefore ninth degree is the highest of the high-ranking belts. It is also interesting to note that when the number 9 is multiplied by any other single digit number and the resultant figures are added together, the answer always equals 9, i.e. 9x1=9; 9x2=18, 1+8=9 and so on up to 9x9=81, 8+1=9. Since this is the only single digit number having this property, it again points to the number 9 as being the most positive of figures. Taking the use of the number three one-step further, the degrees are further divided into three distinct classes. First through third degree is considered the novice stages of black belt. Students are still merely beginners in comparison to the higher degrees.

At fourth degree, the student crosses the threshold of puberty and enters the expert class. Seventh through ninth is composed of Taekwon-Do masters - the elite who fully understand all the particulars of Taekwon-Do, mental and physical.

There is perhaps one question that remains; why begin with the lowest of the two digit numbers, "10" why not begin with the lowest one digit number and proceed from first grade to ninth grade, and then begin again for degrees? Though it would certainly be more logical, the 10 to 1 and 1 to 10 numerical system in the Orient is ageless. It would be impossible, if not even a bit impertinent, to attempt to change a practice that is even carried into children's games. Perhaps there was an initial logical reason for it: however, it seems to have been lost in antiquity. Anyhow, the number "10" is the lowest existing two-digit number: consequently, a beginner must start at this number rather than 11 or 12 which are numerically higher.

Teaching Principles

I will be loyal to my country
I will honor my parents
I will love my family and cooperate with them
I will be faithful to my friends
I will respect my elders and care for my juniors
I will establish positive relationship with my teachers
I will treat all living things with care
I will never seek advantage of those who are weaker
I will only use Tae Kwon-Do to benefit myself and others
I will always finish what I start

STUDENT OATH

I shall observe the tenets of Taekwon-Do
I shall respect the instructor and seniors
I shall never misuse Taekwon-Do
I shall be a champion of freedom and justice
I shall build a more peaceful world






EXPLANATION OF TENETS

Needless to say, the success or failure of Taekwon-Do training depends largely on how one observes and implements the tenets of Taekwon-Do which should serve as a guide for all serious students of the art.

COURTESY (Ye Ui)

It can be said that courtesy is an unwritten regulation prescribed by ancient teachers of philosophy as a means to enlighten human beings while maintaining a harmonious society. It can be further be as an ultimate criterion required of a mortal.

Taekwon-Do students should attempt to practice the following elements of courtesy to build up their noble character and to conduct the training in an orderly manner as well.

1) To promote the spirit of mutual concessions
2) To be ashamed of one's vices, contempting those of others
3) To be polite to one another
4) To encourage the sense of justice and humanity
5) To distinguish instructor from student, senior from junior, and elder from younger
6) To behave oneself according to etiquette
7) To respect others' possessions
8) To handle matters with fairness and sincerity
9) To refrain from giving or accepting a gift when in doubt

INTEGRITY (Yom Chi)

In Taekwon-Do, the word integrity assumes a looser definition than the one usually presented in Webster's dictionary. One must be able to define right and wrong and have a conscience, if wrong, to feel guilt. Listed are some examples where integrity is lacking:

1) The instructor who misrepresents himself and his art by presenting improper techniques to his students because of a lack of knowledge or apathy.
2) The student who misrepresents himself by "fixing" breaking materials before demonstrations.
3) The instructor who camouflages bad technique with luxurious training halls and false flattery to his students.
4) The student who requests ranks from an instructor, or attempts to purchase it.
5) The student who gains rank for ego purposes or the feeling of power.
6) The instructor who teaches and promotes his art for materialistic gains.
7) The students whose actions do not live up to his words.
8) The student who feels ashamed to seek opinions from his juniors.

PERSEVERANCE (In Nae)

There is an old Oriental saying, "Patience leads to virtue or merit, One can make a peaceful home by being patient for 100 times." Certainly happiness and prosperity are most likely brought to the patient person. To achieve something, whether it is a higher degree or the perfection or a technique, one must set his goal, then constantly persevere. Robert Bruce learned his lesson of perseverance from the persistent efforts of a lowly spider. It was this perseverance and tenacity that finally enabled him to free Scotland in the fourteenth century. One of the most important secrets in becoming a leader of Taekwon-Do is to overcome every difficulty by perseverance. Confucius said, "one who is impatient in trivial matters can seldom achieve success in matters of great importance."

SELF CONTROL (Guk Gi)

This tenet is extremely important inside and outside the dojang, whether conducting oneself in free sparring or in one's personal affairs. A loss of self-control in free sparring can prove disastrous to both student and opponent. An inability to live and work within one's capability or sphere is also a lack of self-control.

According to Lao-Tzu "the term of stronger is the person who wins over oneself rather than someone else."

INDOMITABLE SPIRIT (Baekjool Boolgool)

"Here lie 300, who did their duty," a simple epitaph for one of the greatest acts of courage known to mankind. Although facing the superior forces of Xerxes, Leonidas and his 300 Spartans at Thermoplylae showed the world the meaning of indomitable spirit. It is shown when a courageous person and his principles are pitted against overwhelming odds.

A serious student of Taekwon-Do will at all times be modest and honest. If confronted with injustice, he will deal with the belligerent without any fear or hesitation at all, with indomitable spirit, regardless of whosoever and however many the number may be.

Confucius declared," It is an act of cowardice to fail to speak out against injustice." As history has proven, those who have pursued their dreams earnestly and strenuously with indomitable spirit have never failed to achieve their goals.

Important Points While Performing Patterns

1.Pattern should begin and end at exactly the same spot. This will indicate the performer’s accuracy.

2.Correct posture and facing must be maintained at all times.

3.Muscles of the body should be either tensed or relaxed at the proper critical moments in the exercise.

4.The exercise should be performed in a rhythmic movement with an absence of stiffness.

5.Movement should be accelerated or decelerated according to the instructions in this book.

6.Each pattern should be perfected before moving to the next.

7.Students should know the purpose of each movement.

8.Students should perform each movement with realism.

9.Attack and defense techniques should be equally distributed among right and left hands and feet.

Reason for Patterns

Pattern practice enables the student to go through many fundamental movements in series, to develop sparring techniques, improve flexibility of movements, master body shifting, build muscles and breath control, develop fluid and smooth motions, and gain rhythmical movements.

It also enables a student to acquire certain special techniques which cannot be obtained from either fundamental exercises or sparring. In short, a pattern can be compared with a unit tactic or a word, if fundamental movement is an individual soldier’s training or alphabet. Accordingly, pattern, the ledger of every movement, is a series of sparring, power, feats and characteristic beauty.

Though sparring may merely indicate that an opponent is more or less advanced, patterns are a more critical barometer in evaluating an individual’s technique.

GTF TaeKwon Do Pattern

Chon-Ji: means literally the "Heaven and Earth". In the Orient, it is interpreted as the creation of the world or the beginning of human history. Therefore it is the initial pattern that is learned and played by the beginner. This pattern consists of two similar parts; one to represent the Heaven and the other the Earth. [19 moves]

Dan-Gun: is named after the holy Dan-Gun, legendary founder of Korea in 2333 B.C. [21 moves]

Do-San: is the pseudonym of the patriot Ahn Ch'ang-Ho (1876-1938 A.D.), who devoted his entire life to furthering the education of Korea and its independence movement. [24 moves]

Jee-Sang: “JEE” means earth- representing the foundation of the world, “SANG” means above the earth- representing the spirit of the GTF.
The 24 movements signify the 24 hours of every day that we learn, connect with each other, gain insight, knowledge and wisdom.
The 4 directions in this pattern represent our inner compass…with it we will never lose our way. When we connect the “JEE” and the “SANG” we connect the heaven and earth to create an invisible strength that lives on. [24 moves]

Won-Hyo: was the noted monk who introduced Buddhism to the Silla Dynasty in 686 A.D.[28 moves]

Yul-Gok: is the pseudonym of the great philosopher and scholar Yi I (1536-1584 A.D.), nicknamed the "Confucius of Korea". The 38 movements of this pattern refer to his birthplace on the 38th degree latitude and the diagram represents "scholar". [38 moves]

Dhan-Goon: DHAN-GOON named after the founder of Korea. The 23 movements in this pattern represent the first two digits of the year 2333 B.C. when, according to legend, Korea was born. This is Grand Master Park’s progressive interpretation of the traditional Taekwon-Do pattern of the same name. [23 moves]

Joong-Gun: is named after the patriot An Joong-Gun who assassinated Hiro-Bumi Ito, the first Japanese governor-general of Korea, known as the man who played the leading part in the Korea-Japan merger. There are 32 movements in this pattern to represent Mr. An's age when he was executed in Lui-Shung prison in 1910. [32 moves]

Toi-Gye: is the penname of the noted scholar Yi Hwang (16th century A.D.), an authority on Neo-Confucianism. The 37 movements of this pattern refer to his birthplace on the 37th degree latitude, and the diagram represents "scholar". [37 moves]

Hwa-Rang: is named after the Hwa-Rang youth group which originated in the Silla Dynasty about 1350 years ago. This group eventually became the actual driving force for the unification of the three Kingdoms of Korea. The 29 movements refer to the 29th Infantry Division where TaeKwon-Do developed into maturity. [29 moves]

Choong-Moo: was the name given to the great Admiral Yi Sun-Sin of the Yi Dynasty. He was reputed to have invented the first armoured battleship (kobukson) which was the precursor of the present day submarine in 1592 A.D. The reason why this pattern ends in a left hand attack is to symbolize his regrettable death having had no chance to show his unrestrained potential checked by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the king. [30 moves]

Kwang-Gae: is named after the famous Gwang Gae T'o Wang, the 19th king of the Koguryo Dynasty, who regained all of the lost territories including the greater part of Manchuria. The diagram represents the expansion and recovery of lost territory. The 39 movements refer to his reign of 39 years. [39 moves]

Po-Eun: is the pseudonym of a loyal subject, Chong Mong-Chu (1400 A.D.), who was a famous poet and whose poem "I would not serve a second master though I might be crucified a hundred times" is known to every Korean. He was also a pioneer in the field of physics. The diagram represents his unerring loyalty to king and country towards the end of the Koryo Dynasty. [36 moves]

Ge-Baek: is named after Ge-Baek, a great general in the Baek Je Dynasty (660 A.D). The diagram represents his severe and strict military discipline. [44 moves]

Jee-Goo: means "Global". The "X" crosses out the years of political strife in TaeKwon-Do that has been evident worldwide. The first movement symbolizes the beginning of the new Global TaeKwon-Do Movement - a concept of global peace and harmony. The 30 movements of the pattern are comprised of three numbers (24, 4, 2) which explain the purpose. There are 24 hours in each day; therefore this concept will be with us every second. The four directions of movements represent the north, south, east and west encompassing all nations and all people. The four directions are done two times to reinforce our commitment to bring global peace and harmony to the world. [30 moves]

Eui-Am: is the pseudonym of Son Byong Hi, leader of the Korean independence movement on March 1, 1919. The 45 movements refer to his age when he changed the name of Dong Hak (Oriental Culture) to Chondo Kyo (Heavenly Way Religion) in 1905. The diagram represents his indomitable spirit, displayed while dedicating himself to the prosperity of his nation [45 moves].

Choong-Jang: is the pseudonym given to General Kim Duk Ryang who lived during the Yi Dynasty, 14th century. This pattern ends with a left hand attack to symbolize the tragedy of his death at 27 in prison before he was able to reach full maturity [52 moves].

Ko-Dang: is the pseudonym of the patriot Cho Man Sik who dedicated his life to the independence movement and education of his people. The 39 movements signify his times of imprisonment and his birthplace on teh 39th parallel. [39 moves]

Jook-Am: is a pseudonym for the Grandmaster Park. Jook means bamboo which shoots up straight forward without any curvature, its roots intertwining to form an inseparable force. Am is an immovable boulder from which the bamboo plants its roots to form an unshakable foundation. This pattern represents Grandmaster Park's life and his constant struggle for perfection. The diagram is a representation of a bamboo shooting up from the boulder. This pattern's 95 movements (112 including combinations) symbolizes the year 1995 in which Jook-Am was created.

Sam-Il: denotes the historical date of the independence movement of Korea which began throughout the country on March 1, 1919. The 33 movements in the pattern stand for the 33 patriots who planned the movement. [33 moves]

Yoo-Sin: is named after General Kim Yoo Sin, commanding general during the Silla Dynasty, who unified the three separate kingdoms of Korea. The 68 movements refer to the last two figures of 668 A.D., the year Korea was united. [68 moves]

Choi-Yong: is named after General Choi Yong, Premier and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces during the fourteenth century Koryo Dynasty. Choi Yong was greatly respected for his loyalty, patriotism, and humility. He was executed by his subordinate commanders, headed by General Yi Sung Gae, who later became the first king of the Yi Dynasty. [46 moves]

Pyong-Hwa: Pyong Hwa means “peace”. Grand Master Park dedicates this Hyong for the 50 countries which found the UNO in San Francisco (U.S.A) on year 1950 after the 2nd world war. [50 moves]

Yon-Ge: is named after a famous general during the Koguryo Dynasty, Yon Gae Somun. The 49 movements refer to the last two figures of 649 A.D., the year he forced the Dang Dynasty to quit Korea after destroying nearly 300,000 Chinese troops at Ansi Sung. [49 moves]

Ul-Ji: is named after general Ul-Ji Mun Kuk who successfully defended Korea against a Chinese invasion force of nearly one million soldiers led by Yang Je in 612 A.D. Ul-Ji employing hit and run guerilla tactics, was able to decimate a large percentage of the force. The diagram represents his surname. The 42 movements represents the aughor's age when he designed the pattern. [42 moves]

Moon-Moo: honors the thirtieth king of the Silla Dynasty. His body was buried near Dae Wang Am (Great King's Rock). According to his will, the body was placed in the sea "Where my soul shall forever defend my land against the Japanese." It is said that the Sok Gul Am (Stone Cave) was built to guard his tomb. The Sok Gul Am is a fine example of the culture of the Silla Dynasty. The 61 movements in this pattern symbolize the last two figures of 661 A.D. when Moon Moo came to the throne.
Sun-Duk: This pattern is named after Queen Sun Duk of Silla dynasty 668 A.D, who was known for bringing martial art from China to Korea. It represents “Lady” in the 68 movements of pattern itself and refers to the year 668 A.D. This pattern was designed by Grand Master Park Jung Tae for 4th Degree Black Belt. [68 movements]

So-San: is the pseudonym of the great monk Choi Hyung Ung, 1520-1604, during the Yi Dynasty. The 72 movements refer to his age when he organized a corps of monk soldiers with the assistance of his pupil Samung Dang. The monk soldiers helped repulse the Japanese pirates who overran most of the Korean peninsula in 1592. [72 moves]

Se-Jong: is named after the greatest Korean king, Se-Jong, who invented the Korean alphabet in 1443 A.D., and was also a noted meteorologist. The diagram represents the king, while the 24 movements refer to the 24 letters of the Korean alphabet. [24 moves]

Tong-Il: denotes the resolution of the unification of Korea which has been divided since 1945. The diagram (|) symbolized the homogenous race.

Grandmaster Park's Thoughts on Taekwon-Do

Most people have a misconception of a martial art and can't see beyond the visible physical aspect, but the benefits of training in the Art of TaeKwon-Do are much more than the eye can see.

TaeKwon-Do training awakens within us a new perspective to life itself, connecting our emotional state, physical well-being and spiritual awareness. It is a concept of learning for the mind, body and soul and could be comparable to achieving a university degree in psychology, physical education and humanitarianism as well as self-defence proficiency.

Many of the values we learn as part of the TaeKwon-Do philosophy will help us in every day life. As we learn self-discipline and self-control, we become more tolerant of others, and this is necessary with today's fast changing attitudes of societies world-wide in which ideologies are being blended to create a new world philosophy. Awareness on all levels, developed through concentration and technique proficiency, will assist us in avoiding negative situations, as we become more alert and cautious. Through the positive energy we generate, others feel our self-confidence, as our actions demonstrate confidence in our ability to defend ourselves. Knowing that we have the knowledge and skill to defend ourselves in any situation, builds self-esteem and gives us an exhilarating feeling of self-worth.
The serious practitioner discovers the true spirit of TaeKwon-Do through respect and integrity, which are probably the two most important principles of TaeKwon-Do training. Without it, there could be no chain of command or distinct levels. To promote mutual respect, practitioners must be courteous to one another and encourage fair play at all times to ensure justice and peace. The integrity of a practitioner will undoubtedly say a lot by his/her representation in relation to rank and attitude. Through respect and integrity, we will build trusting relationships, which will develop into strong friendships.

TaeKwon-Do will act as a common denominator, intermingling all races through a sameness of mind, to provide a way for us to put aside all differences, enabling us to create and manifest a peaceful world. TaeKwon-Do will be our teacher in human kindness.

If TaeKwon-Do can provide each of us with all these benefits, why would we want to learn anything else?

Grand Master Park Jung Tae - A Legend In Our Time

In 1943, in Kwany-Ju city, South Korea, a visionary was born, a man fated to change the lives of hundreds of thousands of people all over the worked. His destiny, presence and mission were to be one with the indomitable spirit. he was Grand Master Park Jung Tae.

Throughout his life Grand Master Park traveled extensively, acting as an ambassador of TaeKwon-Do, sacrificing his personal life to dedicate his time and efforts to its promotion and development. His wife, whom he met when he came to Canada in the early 1970's, stood by his side throughout the past 32 years and the strength of their relationship was a key factor in overcoming cultural differences on a personal level as well as a professional one. Grand Master Park's life has been filled with wonderful experiences meeting people from all walks of life and his unique style broke down bafflers of race, language and religion, and instilled unity and respect in the hearts and minds of all he taught. Today, in many countries he is referred to as "The Peoples Grand Master".

Grand Master Park was known as the technical perfectionist of TaeKwon-Do and he was sought after to share his knowledge and expertise. During the Vietnam War, he was sent to Vietnam for two years as an army combat Instructor training the Korean, Vietnamese and American soldiers. When he returned to Korea, he became heavily involved in the International TaeKwon-Do Federation (ITF). The was the Secretary General and the Technical Committee Chairman of the ITF for many years. Grand Master Park was directly responsible for the expansion of TaeKwon-Do in many countries and he was the pioneer Instructor in China, Russia, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary, North Korea and Japan. In 1989, cue to political unrest within the IFT, he left that organization and in 1990 founded the Global TaeKwon-Do Federation (GTF) with the support of many TaeKwon-Do Masters and Instructors from around the globe. This non-political Federation was created with the purpose of uniting all TaeKwon-DO organizations worldwide and to bring peace and harmony to the world.

The GTF is at the forefront of TaeKwon-Do expansion, taking a new path of spiritual philosophy and development, creating a much needed new dimension of enhanced modern TaeKwon-Do. Grand Master Park has brought many Instructors to the level of Grand Master and Master within the GTF and these are the people who will continue to demonstrate and promote around the world. Our Instructors are of the highest caliber and Grand Master park was very proud of the high standards of our Federation. He always said that we should not think about winning or losing, but to appreciate the opportunity to exchange techniques and make lasting friendships. We have been very fortunate to have had such a great leaser as Grand Master Park who taught us us the true meaning of love, respect and integrity. We are truly fortunate to belong to this global family called the Global TaeKwon-Do Federation.

Grand Master Park opened up the heart of the GTF and the members joined in. That is where the source of GTF power comes from and that is why we are an inseparable force. His personal power, his smile and his gentle humbleness has touched everyone he met. Grand Master Park was a true martial artist who followed the tenets of TaeKwon-Do until the day he died.

On April 11, 2002 the TaeKwon-Do community was shocked when Grand Master Park Jung Tae, 9th Degree Black Belt, Foudner & President of the Global TaeKwon-Do Federation passed away
The death of Grand Master Park has ignited a new commitment within the GTF organization. The groundwork has been laid and the future of the GTF shines bright wit the visions of Grand Master Park as our guide. away.
The death of Grand Master Park has ignited a new commitment within the GTF organization. The groundwork has been laid and the future of the GTF shines bright wit the visions of Grand Master Park as our guide.

The Global TaeKwon-Do Federation was organized under the leadership of the famous TaeKwon-Do Grand Master, Park Jung Tae, Ninth Degree Black Belt. The name "Park Jung Tae" is no newcomer to the world of martial arts. For years, he has been instrumental in the promotion and development of TaeKwon-Do and his name is synonymous with technical perfection. As a result, Grand Master Park is ranked as the leading technical trainer of TaeKwon-Do in the world today. Due to his dedication and devotion to the Art of TaeKwon-Do and his personal sacrifice to promote TaeKwon-Do world-wide, he is recognized as a man of honour and a teacher who possesses the true spirit of TaeKwon-Do. Grand Master Park has become a legend in TaeKwon-Do circles and is sought after throughout the world to conduct seminars and training courses.

Since its inception, the Global TaeKwon-Do Federation has emerged as the ultimate non-political martial arts organization in the world, and is proud to be free of any political pressures. In a short period of time, the rapid growth of the G.T.F. as an international organization has been astronomical, boasting strong affiliates on every continent. This Federation inspires people. People feel confident that when they join a G.T.F. affiliated school, they are getting quality training from a highly skilled instructor. Belonging to the right organization can mean the difference between being good and being great.

Over the past few years, the G.T.F. has attracted members from around the globe. The first attraction is of course, the expertise of Grand Master Park Jung Tae who, by virtue of his attention to detail and ability to communicate to all nationalities regardless of language, has become known in many countries as the "Peoples Master". Grand Master Park really cares about his members and about preserving traditional TaeKwon-Do. Our membership consists of people from all nations and all walks of life, but we all have one common bond: The Global TaeKwon-Do Federation. There is a second attraction and that is the attitude of the G.T.F. members. People who join a G.T.F. school soon realize that they have become part of an international family, an extended family, which is caring, supportive and genuinely interested in training in the traditional Art of TaeKwon-Do. Anyone can learn self-defence, but to truly derive all the benefits of TaeKwon-Do training, one must be prepared to learn the history of this Art, understand the philosophy of the oriental culture as well as the definition of the patterns and the purpose of the movements. Grand Master Park's easy to learn methods of teaching encourage practitioners at all levels of training, resulting in their quick development of special technical skills, which are much needed in the 1990's.

The immediate goal of the Global TaeKwon-Do Federation is to achieve excellence in all aspects of its organization and to provide a happy training environment for all its members. G.T.F. practitioners will be recognized for their superior knowledge and technical skills and will be proud to be part of this Federation. Every step of the way, a G.T.F. member is tested throughout his/her training. Not only do Masters and Instructors undergo intensive training personally conducted by Grand Master Park Jung Tae, but seminars are given on a regular basis in different centres around the world, to keep them technically up-to-date and informed on G.T.F. developments. These Masters and Instructors work diligently to provide excellent leadership in the true spirit of TaeKwon-Do and take the initiative to ensure their students are learning the proper techniques. These are important considerations to take into account when one is thinking of joining a martial arts school.

The long term goal of the G.T.F. is to resolve the differences between all the TaeKwon-Do organizations and bring about the true identity of TaeKwon-Do under one umbrella; thus, uniting all TaeKwon-Do practitioners around the world. Through the Global TaeKwon-Do Federation, this can be done.

Taekwon-Do History

Taekwon-Do is the Korean Art of Self defence:

Tae- meaning jump, kick, or smash with the foot.
Kwon- meaning to punch or destroy with the fist/hand
Do- meaning Art or way.

So the literal translation would be the Art of Foot and Hand.
Taekwondo (Tae Kwan Do), "the way of foot and fist," is based on ancient Korean methods of self-defense. It emphasizes flexibility and kicking techniques, but hand techniques are also widely employed. A means of self-defense, physical conditioning, recreation, and mental discipline, Taekwondo is recognized not only as a martial art, but also as an exciting sport with powerful kicks and punches that emphasizes continuous action, endurance, skill, and sportsmanship.

This rapidly developing martial art has become a major international sport. Introduced to the Olympic games in Seoul, Korea, in 1988, Taekwondo will be at the 2000 Olympic games in Sydney, Australia, as a medal event.

The five original Korean Kwans ("schools") were: Chung Do Kwan, Moo Duk Kwan (the art of Tang Soo Do), Yun Moo Kwan, Chang Moo Kwan, and Chi Do Kwan. These were founded in 1945 and 1946. Three more Kwans were founded in the early 1950's - Ji Do Kwan, Song Moo Kwan, and Oh Do Kwan.

After fifty years of occupation by Japan (which ended in 1945) and after the division of the nation and the Korean War, Korean nationalism spurred the creation of a national art in 1955, combining the styles of the numerous kwans active within the country (with the exception of Moo Duk Kwan, which remained separate - therefore Tang Soo Do is still a separate art from TKD today).

Gen. Hong Hi Choi was primarily responsible for the creation of this new national art, which was named Tae Kwon Do to link it with Tae-Kyon (a native art). Earlier unification efforts had been called Kong Soo Do, Tae Soo Do, etc. Many masters had learned Japanese arts during the occupation, or had learned Chinese arts in Manchuria.

Only a few had been lucky enough to be trained by the few native martial artists who remained active when the Japanese banned all martial arts in Korea. Choi himself had taken Tae-Kyon (a Korean art) as a child, but had earned his 2nd dan in Shotokan Karate while a student in Japan.

Taekwon-Do involves the skilled application of punches, kicks, blocks, dodges and interception with the hands, arms and feet to defend oneself against one or more opponents. The emphasis here would be DEFEND as Taekwon-Do is not an aggressive Art, quite the opposite in fact. It is best described in Grand Master Park's own words in the following paragraphs.

"Most people have a misconception of a martial art and can't see beyond the visible physical aspect, but the benefits of training in the Art of Taekwon-Do are much more than the eye can see.

Many of the values we learn as part of Taekwon-Do philosophy will help us in everyday life. As we learn self-discipline and self-control, we become more tolerant of others and this is necessary with today's fast changing attitudes of societies world-wide, in which ideologies are being blended to create a new world philosophy.
Awareness on all levels, developed through concentration and technique proficiency, will assist us in avoiding negative situations as we become more alert and cautious. Through the positive energy we generate,our self confidence is felt by others, as our actions demonstrate confidence in our ability to defend ourselves. Knowing that we have the knowledge and skill to defend ourselves in any situation, builds self-esteem and gives us an exhilarating feeling of self worth.

The serious practitioner discovers the true spirit of Taekwon-Do through respect and integrity, which are probably the two most important principles of TaeKwon-Do training. The respect for rank and one's achievements is a basic element of Taekwon-Do training. Without it, there could be no chain of command or distinct levels.

To promote mutual respect, practitioners must be courteous to one another and encourage fair play at all times to ensure justice and peace. The Integrity of a practitioner will undoubtedly say a lot by his/her representation in relation to rank and attitude. Through respect and integrity, we will build trusting relationships which will develop into strong friendships."

Taekwon-Do as the way of life

The following philosophy and guidelines are to be considered the cornerstone by which all serious Teakwon-Do students are encouraged to live by:

1. Be willing to give where the going be tough and do the things that are worth doing even though they are difficult.
2. Be gentle to the weak and tough to the strong.
3. Be content with what you have in money and position but never in skills.
4. Always finish what you begin, be it large or small.
5. Be a willing teacher to anyone regardless of religion, race or ideology.
6. Never yield to repression of threat in the pursuit of noble cause.
7. Teach attitude and skill with action rather than words
8. Be yourself even though your circumstances may change.
9. Be the eternal teacher who teaches with the body when young, with words when old and by moral precept even after death

The history of fighting arts is as old as man kind and literally began with the first altercation primitive man had with another man or the need to defend himself from a beast. While there is value in the historical roots of the martial arts there is a point where it is impossible to trace its origins to the original source.

There is much debate over the true source of traditional martial arts whether they originated from India, China, Japan, or even the famous Shaolin temples. Each of these countries, the Shaolin temple and many other entities has contributed the growth of the martial arts. For one style, country or organization to argue with another over what the true roots of the martial arts are is as silly as two fleas fighting over who owns the dog that they both live on.

Korea's geographic position as an Asian nexus between China and Japan has caused Korea to be influence by many Asian cultures. Korea was periodically invaded by the Chinese, Japanese, Manchurians and Mongols. The fact that Koreans have been able to retain so much of their culture and identity is a strong testament the fortitude and resolve of the Korean people.
History of Korea and its Ancient Martial Arts

Korea has a long martial arts history. In 1935 Japanese archaeologists exploring the Tung-hua province of Manchuria discovered tombs dating back to the 10th Kingdom of Koguryo. Murals on the ceilings of the Kak-Je and Myong-chong temple depict figures in fighting postures.

The Sok Kul An Buddist cave temple is guarded by a statue of Kumgang Yuksa, a famed warrior who served during the reign of King Hye-Gong, also stands in a martial arts pose. These depictions of ancient martial poses gives testament to the fact that martial arts and fighting technique go back to ancient times in Korea.

The early history of the Korean peninsula is a ubiquitous blend of tribal warfare and invasion by peoples to the north. There are few facts, but some artifacts from this period. Early Chinese records indicate some early tribal peoples.

In 109 BC the Chinese invade northern Korea and establish a measure of control over the Korean peninsula for 400 years. During this period of Chinese influence, many of the local tribes unified to form the Koguryo Kingdom under King T’aejo. The Koguryo were said to be a nation of fierce warlike people.

The 4th century AD is known as the time of the three kingdoms, Koguryo, Silla, and Baek Je respectively. There are artifacts from this period indicating that the Koreans may have practiced ancient form of the Chinese martial art Kwonbop. By the end of the seventh century AD the Korean peninsula was unified under the Silla Kingdom.

Silla’s success was partially due to its military class. During this time an elite paramilitary youth group known as the Hwarang flourished. The primary goal of the Hwarang was to nurture and develop the talent of young upper class males. The Hwarang were organized on a local basis with a defined social and rank structure and were a national example for morality and spirit.

They learned traditional values such as communal living, friendship, and mutual understanding through training in the arts of military tactics, poetry, music and many others. During the unification wars the Hwarang were noted as fierce warriors displaying not only skills in military tactics but also proficiency in the martial arts, such as wrestling, Soo Bak-Gi, and Taekyon (ancient kicking based martial arts adapted from games).

The Hwarang were given five precepts for secular life by the Buddhist monk Won’gwang:

Serve your lord with loyalty.
Serve your parents with filial piety.
Use good faith in your communication with friends.
Face battle without retreating.
When taking life, be selective.

The peace that followed diminished the need of the Hwarang as a military organization. The organization the began to focus more on the development of arts.

In 936 AD the Silla Dynasty fell to the Koryo (an abbreviation of Koguryo) Dynasty under the leadership of strong war-lord named Wang Kon. The modern name of Korea is derived from the Koryo Dynasty. During the Koryo Dynasty Soo Bak regained popularity as a sport.

The Koryo Dynasty lasted until the 13th Century and became a participant in the Mongols activities on conquest. Koryo was used as a launching ground for the Mongols attacks against Japan which were ultimately thwarted by heavy storms.
By the 14th Century the Chinese Ming Empire began expand into Koryo Dynasty as the Mongols withdrew. Yi Songgye came into power in Koryo in 1392; Buddhism was replaced by Confusionism as the official religion of the dynasty.

Confucianism’s emphasis on classical Chinese thinking, which down played the more physical aspects of life and encouraged music, reading, poetry and other classical arts suffocated the development Korean Martial Arts.
The Yi Dynasty lasted until 1910 when Korea was annexed by Japan. The final King of the Yi Dynasty sat on the throne for a mere 24 days before the new treaty with Japan stripped him of all power.

The Japanese undertook immediate efforts to subdue the Korean people. The Korean language press was immediately banned. Japanese became a compulsory subject in all schools. Much of Korean culture was frowned upon or banned including Korean martial arts. When Japan entered World War II, many Koreans especially those living in Japan were impressed into military service.

Near the end of the war, the United States invaded Korea to push back the Japanese and to gain control the post-war occupation of the Southern Korean Peninsula. In 1948 Korea was divided into the Republic of Korea (South), with Syngman Rhee as President under American control and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea North) under Soviet control. Both North and South Korea claimed rights to all of Korea. In 1950 the North Korean Military invaded South Korea beginning the Korean War which lasted until July 27th, 1953.

The Birth of Tae Kwon Do

Even though the Japanese banned the study of Korean Martial Arts, many Koreans practiced arts such as Soo Bak and TaeKyon in secret. During the occupation many Koreans studied Japanese Martial Arts.

Although generally banned by the occupying Japanese, the Korean Martial Arts of Soo Bak, Tae Kyon, Kong Soo and Hwa Soo and others survived by being practiced in secret, whilst in later years, the Japanese martial arts were often learnt by Koreans from their invaders. Tae Kyon was secretly practiced and passed onto a handful of students by men like Han Il Dong and Duk Ki Song. Another student of the outlawed arts was Hwang Kee, the future founder of Tang Soo Do and the Moo Duk Kwan martial arts School). By the age of 22, Kee had become expert in Soo Bak and Tae Kyon and in 1936 he travelled to Northern China to study the "T'ang method". He then worked until 1945 to combine the Korean and Chinese styles into Tang Soo Do (the way of T'ang hand).

The original meaning of the term Karate was "T'ang Hand", Te meaning hand and Kara an ideogram to describe the Chinese T'ang. In 1936, Okinawan Masters got together at the behest of a newspaper to change the ideogram Kara to the one meaning "empty", as it has the same pronunciation.

In the later part of the Japanese occupation many Koreans went to Japan to further their education and to learn Martial Arts. One of these was Choi Yong-I, born in Korea in 1923 and started studying Korean Kempo at the age of nine. He went to Japan in 1938 to study aviation using the name Masutatsu Oyama but put more of his energies into the study of Karate to become, many decades later, the founder of Kyokushinkai Karate.

Another Korean, Choi Hong Hi, went to Kyoto, Japan in 1937 to study calligraphy. Choi had been studying calligraphy and Tae Kyon in Korea under Han Il Dong and upon arrival in Japan he started to study Shotokan Karate as a student of a Korean named Kim, and after two years of intensive training he was presented with a first Dan Black Belt in Shotokan.

He then went onto Tokyo University where he gained his second Dan and became an instructor at the YMCA. During WW 2, whereas Oyama stayed in Japan, Choi was forced to enlist in the Japanese army and was posted to Pyongyang in Korea where he became involved in the Korean Independence Movement, resulting in his imprisonment. Until his liberation at the end of the war he practiced and developed much of his martial art, later to be named Tae Kwon Do.